Abstract:
Introduction: Acute Kidney injury (AKI) or Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is a common medical problem. Variety
of conditions can lead to ARF. Many factors can influence the outcome of AKI. The aim of the present study
was to analyze the clinical spectrum, causes, risk and prognostic factors and final outcome of AKI.
Methods: This prospective study involved patients admitted to tertiary care hospital during March 2012 to
February 2013. The clinical and laboratory data were collected at admission and then on daily basis. Patient
characteristics, underlying medical conditions, dialysis, need for ventilation, total duration of hospital and ICU
stay and final outcome, and these data were analyzed.
Results: One hundred and twenty patients were admitted to our hospital fulfilled the criteria of acute kidney
injury. Most of the patients 43.3% were in 31-50 years and 56.6% were males. Comorbidity was seen in
41(34.2%) patients were diabetes was most common 43.9%. ARF had developed complicating medical and
surgical conditions in 74 (61.6%) and 35 (29.2%) patients respectively. The etiology of ARF was multifactorial
and included; sepsis 51.3%, hypotension (33.7%), volume depletion (18.9%). Multiple organ dysfunctions noted
in 55% of cases and dialysis was required in 51.6% patients. Mortality occurred in 28.3% of patients. MODS
and sepsis were found to be significant adverse prognostic factors.
Conclusions: AKI was seen in 4.2% of cases in our hospital admission. Presence of sepsis, MODS and
ventilation need were correlated with higher mortality in AKI patients.
